I recently encountered this same problem, and believe I have now resolved it. I've been looking into this. Sharing my experience to help others and hopefully offer info that may better explain what has happened.
My facts:
I do not have a recent update to Oreo. I am using a Verizon phone that I migrated to T-mobile and I receive no updates as a result.
I do not have background apps or data running. My phone is often on WiFi with mobile data turned off. I have minimal apps installed, and typically close them when done.
Phone is in excellent condition, and was bought 2 years ago, almost to the day that the problem began.
Full battery charge to start the morning would be down to 10% by lunch, despite not using the phone at all. Phone was persistently hot despite being in a cool, climate controlled environment.
Recent Battery Usage showed things like Android OS, Cell Standby, etc as top items, all at reasonable levels of 5% or less.
Similarly, App Power Monitor showed negligible battery drain from background apps, the highest being my email client showing "<0.01%".
Excessive heat and battery drain persisted even when booting into safe mode and after multiple restarts and fully powering down for a short period.
Investigation:
Standard guesswork solutions, such as deleting cache, were ineffective.
When applying power saver mode, my phone suggested that its full charge would last for only ~9 hours in normal mode, ~10 hours in "mid" power saving, and ~43 hours in max power saving. When applying power saving, the biggest power reduction appeared to occur when background CPU speed was limited, with an equally large reduction coming from turning off background data. To quantify these, the corresponding indicator numbers for all other modifications was single digits while CPU limiter and background data were assigned an indicator number of approximately 250 (for "max" power saver setting).
Max power saver mode effectively ended CPU usage, allowing the phone to return to a normal temperature, and battery drain appeared normal for what would be expected for that mode.
Resolution:
After having max power saver mode activated for two days I deactivated power saver. Battery drain has appeared to be normal ever since. Left overnight, charge went from high 90s to low 90s. With light usage charge remained in high 80s. Temperature remained normal. At 85% charge, phone suggested charge would last for 43 hours in normal mode (obviously dubious). Power monitor shows Cell Standby at 7% and Phone Idle at 5%, which is understandable but not quite what I would have expected. I was expecting the display to be a bigger contributor.
Hypothesis:
This problem appears to be native to S7 devices, and not caused by an Oreo update. At the most, I suspect that updates to Oreo may have "triggered" a hidden problem for some users, but the same problem arises without any updates as well. I suspect that the root cause of the problem is somewhere between the battery and CPU, possibly being caused by the battery sending more power to the device than is requested by CPU, which the CPU then attempted to utilize by churning some kind of idle process. Something akin to a door (i.e. a circuit) getting stuck in an open position--once the circuit was stuck open, the excessive heat buildup may have further reinforced the problem. Putting device on max power save mode for an extended period may have been successful at restoring normal operation between the battery and CPU.
Another possible (speculative) contributing factor on the periphery is an extended multi-day period of overcast weather that may be interfering with signal acquisition, causing more searching than normal. The weather has been enough to interfere with satellite TV signal and though I have not noticed any instances when phone signal was absent, it has been less than normal.